Influenza Vaccine - Crossref

Robust and prototypical immune responses toward influenza vaccines in the high-risk group of Indigenous Australians

To safeguard Indigenous populations, including Indigenous Australians, Incident Australians, it is highly recommended to administer inactivated viruses. There is no study to date that has evaluated immune responses in the Indigenous population by the inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine. We found robust antibody responses in Indigenous Australians to influenza vaccination, with activation profiles of cT FH 1 cells at the acute reaction strongly correlated with total increase in antibody titers caused by vaccination.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109388118

Interferon-λ Improves the Efficacy of Intranasally or Rectally Administered Influenza Subunit Vaccines by a Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Dependent Mechanism

Regardless of whether the vaccines were administered via the intranasal or rectal route, here we show that protein-only influenza vaccines containing either IFN-u03bb or TSLP boosted antigen-specific IgG1 and IgA responses and raised the risk of mice's resistance to influenza virus challenge. By impairing dendritic cell migration from the airways to the draining lymph nodes of immunized mice, thereby inhibiting T cell proliferation and germinal center B cell responses, thereby training follicular helper T cell and germinal center B cell responses, vaccine-induced antiviral immunity.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.749325

Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration

We examine influenza viruses, related immunological systems, current influenza vaccine products, and influenza infections in the context of immunocompromised populations in this paper. This report explores the qualitative aspects of immune responses against influenza viruses, with a focus on enhanced immunity and an analysis of the host's u2013pathogens that could hinder immunization's effectiveness.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090979

Design and Computational Analysis of a Chimeric Avian Influenza Antigen: A Yeast-displayed, Universal and Cross-protective Vaccine Candidate

Background Information An avian influenza vaccine candidate can be produced by using a preserved antigen against mutation in various subtypes of influenza. The M2e peptide sequence has remained relatively unchanged in influenza type A isolated since 1918. Methods & Equipment An avian influenza virus isolated from 31 sequences of H5N8, H9N1, and H7N9 subtypes was found in 5 Asian countries. Contrary to Van der Waals' first chimeric antigen, Van der Waals, electrostatic and binding energies of the second antigen's interaction with MAb148 were much closer to the positive control. M2e and flagellin respectively, found that the second chimeric antigen could be used as a yeast-displayed avian influenza vaccine candidate due to its ability to incite humoral defense and the body's natural immune system.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.09.05.459052

Safety and Immunogenicity of Influenza A/H5N8 Virus Vaccine in Healthy Adults: Durability and Cross-reactivity of Antibody Responses

In several countries, Influenza A/H5N8 viruses infect poultry and wild birds. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND INTERNATIONS Infect poultry and wild birds. Methods We conducted a phase I, cohort-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of inactivated influenza A/H5N8 vaccine administered with or without adjuvant. either two doses of AS03-adjuvanted vaccine containing 3. 75 bcg or 15 hemagglutininin; two doses of AS03-adjuvanted vaccine; or one dose of non-adjuvanted vaccine accompanied by one dose of non-adjuvanted vaccine; or two doses of adjuvanted vaccine; or two doses of non-adjuvanted vaccine. Two doses of MF59-adjuvanted vaccine containing 3. 75 bcg or 15 bcg HA, or 15 bcg HA of non-adjuvanted vaccine of non-adjuvanted vaccines were administered to Cohort 2 subjects. Antibody counts returned to normal 12 months after the second vaccination in all groups except the 15 bcg AS03-adjuvanted group. In a subgroup of both 15 bcg adjuvanted groups, cross-reactive antibodies to clade 2. 3. 4. 4 billion strains isolated from recent human infections were demonstrated. Two doses of influenza A/H5N8 vaccine were well tolerated.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac982

Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A(H3N2)-Related Illness in the United States During the 2021–2022 Influenza Season

Abstract Background In the United States, influenza activity during the 2021-2022 season was modest and not high enough to estimate influenza vaccine effectiveness for the first time since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic began in the United States. We estimated influenza VE against a laboratory-confirmed outpatient acute disease caused by predominant A viruses. Methods Between October 2021 and April 2022, study staff from 7 centers nationwide enrolled patients aged u22656 months, who required outpatient treatment for acute respiratory disease with cough. Participants who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from VE estimates due to a strong correlation between influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination. The A virus component of A 206 sequenced A viruses was identified as belonging to genetic group 3C. 2a1b subclade 2a. 2, which has antigenic differences from the 2021u20132022 season A vaccine component that is a subclade 2a. 1b subclade 2a. 1.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac941

Safety and Immunogenicity of a monovalent inactivated influenza A/H5N8 virus vaccine given with and without AS03 or MF59 adjuvants in healthy adults

The effectiveness and immunogenicity of a monovalent inactivated influenza A/H5N8 virus vaccine administered with and without AS03 or MF59 adjuvants was tested in this phase one, randomized, blinded trial. Methods 275 healthy adults, aged 19-64 years, were randomly assigned to one of five groups to receive two doses of unadjuvanted influenza A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014 virus vaccine or two doses of 7. 5 or 15 g of vaccine adjuvanted with AS03 or MF59. The homologous influenza A/H5N8 and three heterologous influenza A/H5 viruses were tested for 21 days after the second dose of vaccine utilizing hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. When compared to the MF59-adjuvanted groups, seroprotection was more prevalent in groups that received AS03 plus 7. 5 or 15 g of vaccines, while unadjudvanted vaccines had a poor response. For all three heterologous strains of influenza A/H5 virus, HAI and MN GMTs and seroconversion rates were poor across all study groups.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciac983

Influenza Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein, S1, or S2 Domains

We created SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles with the full length of spike glycoprotein, S1, or S2 as a core protein in this research, as well as the influenza matrix protein 1 as a base protein. Compared to nau00efve control, spike protein-specific IgG and its subclasses were present in mice, with IgG2a being the most common subclass. Neutralizing activities were not observed from the S2 VLP immune sera. Overall, our results showed that S complete or S1 containing VLPs can be converted into potent vaccines.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080920

A global map of hemispheric influenza vaccine recommendations based on local patterns of viral circulation

Both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere annual WHO influenza vaccine kits are designed to guarantee vaccination delivery in each hemisphere before the peak of viral circulation in the winter months. Both 25% and 39% of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere countries were out of phase with peak influenza outbreak in their respective hemispheres, according to Influenza vaccine guidelines.

Source link: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep17214

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