Human Brain - Wiley Online Library

A numerical human brain phantom for dynamic glucose‐enhanced (DGE) MRI: On the influence of head motion at 3T

The uptake of glucose analogues is determined dynamically by dynamically in a series of exchange-based MRI methods. However, motion artifacts can be mistaken for genuine DGE effects, while motion correction can change true signal effects. At 3T, the aim was to develop a numerical human brain phantom to mimic a realistic DGE MRI technique that could be used to determine the effect of head movement on the signal before and after retrospective motion correction. In the presence of first-u2010order shimming, rigid head movement patterns were employed, as well as physiological degeneration and pulsation of the lateral ventricles and headu2010motion u2010. Results Motion artifacts similar to those that were previously published for in vivo DGE data could be reproduced. For clinical implementation, designing post-u2010processing techniques employing retrospective motion correction, as well as B0 correction, will be essential.

Source link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mrm.29563

RGS14 expression in CA2 hippocampus, amygdala, and basal ganglia: Implications for human brain physiology and disease

In hippocampal area CA2, RGS14 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that is heavily expressed within pyramidal neurons' postsynaptic spines. RGS14's CA2 duties include: regulating G protein, H2Ras/ERK, and calcium signaling pathways, as a natural suppressor of synaptic plasticity and postsynaptic signaling. We explore how RGS14's signaling capabilities and spine structural plasticity in CA2 hippocampal neurons, as well as fear conditioning, were discussed in this study.

Source link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hipo.23492

Identifying Matrix‐ and Transporter‐Type Pericytes in Human Brain

The second group of matrix u2010type pericytes have elevated expression of extracellular matrix genes. Alzheimer's Disease is a phenotype of Alzheimer's disease, not Tu2010type pericytes. Here, we investigated which protein markers were most effective in the detection of M2010 and Tu2010type pericytes and their localization in human hippocampal and cortical post-u2010mortem brain tissue samples.

Source link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.066945

Long‐read sequencing and complete telomere to telomere human reference genome provide deeper insight into human brain transcriptomics

Background RNA sequencing experiments have traditionally been carried out by short-encoding methods that, by nature, remove all RNA isoforms for a given gene from a single expression measurement. u2014 is a big step forward in the underlying biology. Collapsing of all RNA isoforms for a single gene severely limits our ability to identify all RNA isoforms and determine their individual downstream functions. In contrast, long-u2010read sequencing techniques can sequence complete RNA molecules, allowing researchers to accurately determine expression for the entire range of RNA isoform species, including de novo RNA isoforms.

Source link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.069021

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